Which memory type is commonly used for system boot processes and firmware?

Read-only Memory (ROM) is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to store firmware and system boot processes that are essential for starting up a computer. ROM contains the basic instructions necessary for the system's hardware to initialize and load the operating system. This non-volatile memory retains its content even when the computer is powered off, ensuring that the boot instructions are always available upon startup.

Firmware stored in ROM is typically not meant to be modified frequently, if at all, which also makes it suitable for critical functions like booting the system. In contrast, other memory types, such as hard disk memory, dynamic RAM, and cache memory, serve different purposes. Hard disk memory is primarily used for long-term storage of files and applications, while dynamic RAM is used for temporary data storage that is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off. Cache memory is a small amount of high-speed memory used to speed up access to frequently used data, but it is not involved in the firmware necessary for the boot process.